Additionally, children who had a previous ASD diagnosis or special education classification were considered potential ASD cases regardless of their SCQ scores. Children with scores ≥11 were considered potential ASD cases regardless of their initial classification. 25 After enrollment, mothers of all children were administered the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) 26 to screen for ASD symptoms in their child. Although children were initially identified as eligible for 1 of the 3 study groups, final study classification was determined by standardized research developmental assessment results. ![]() This analysis included children from all 3 study groups (ASD, DD, and POP) who were not missing data on pica. Because most studies in this review were limited to severe cases of pica resulting in intervention, the total prevalence of pica is likely higher than reported in these studies. In a literature review conducted by Matson et al, 1 pica prevalence estimates in children or adults with ASD and/or ID ranged from 4% to 26% the highest estimates were found in populations that were institutionalized because of their disabilities. Neumeyer et al 23 assessed children with ASD who were treated at 15 Autism Treatment Network sites they reported pica prevalence was 3.0% in children 6 years old. In their prospective population-based cohort study, Emond et al 22 reported that children who were eventually diagnosed with ASD were more likely to have increased pica behavior at 38 and 54 months (12.3% and 12.5%, respectively) than controls (2.3% and 0.7%). 2, 3, 14– 21 In few studies has pica prevalence in individuals with ASD been systematically assessed. ![]() Available information is primarily from published case series and reports. ![]() However, studies of pica in individuals with ASD and other developmental disabilities (DDs) are limited.
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